Well,
this wouldn't be type- but lettering. Hand painted letters that is.
While there were not many sans typefaces- sans lettering had been popular for at least the 50 years before this.
(Also- woodtype). Particulary in circuses and other show bussiness posters, the sans was well known and extensively utilized.

You'll notice that the sans titles are the English (or rather, I guess, American) versions, so it was likely somebody different putting the titles together, first off.
But grotesque faces (Akzidenz Grotesk but also many many others) were quite common at that date, both in and out of France.

I'd be surprised if those sans titles are hand painted letters. They look to me like they could be rearrangeable letters made of card or the like.

Sans serif type was introduced into North America many years before that.
Here is a page from the Lovell & Gibson specimen of 1846, Montréal.

The square type resembles ATF Poster Gothic, but it doesn't appear in specimens books until thirty years after these cards were made.