I recently became aware of the Ri-Xing Letter Casting Firm (日星鑄字行), what must be one of the last remaining traditional Chinese typefoundries in the world.

You can read a bit about them in English at this blog, from where the above photos were lifted.

There is an effort underway to preserve and digitize many of the designs. The foundry is located in Taipei, and welcomes visitors and volunteers.

Their blog (in Chinese) is here: http://rixingtypography.blogspot.com/